Iseɣẓanen ilelliyen
Deg umaḍal n tsenselkimt llan waṭas n wahilen, deg-sen wid i wumi neqqar iseɣẓanen ilelliyen. Efkan-asen isem-a axaṭaṛ tangalt taɣbalut n wahilen-a teldi, s lemɛna nniḍen, tangalt taɣbalut s wacu ittwarun wahilen-a, yal yiwen yezmer ad tt-yaf deg uWeb : yal amdan yezmer ad tt-tiɣeṛ, ad tt-ibeddel, ad itt-senfel, ad tt-iseɣti akken id-is-yehwa, yernu yezmer ad d-yessufeɣ lqem nniḍen amaynut seg-s.
Mačči am wahilen d-xedment taṛmisin akked tkubbanyin n tiknulujit timeqqṛanin i yettwassnen, am tkebbaniyin n Temrikt n ugada : isnasen-nsent akked wahilen-nsent mačči d ilelliyen : mačči menwala izmer aten-ibeddel s tefses, yerna tangalt-nsen leɛmeṛ ur telli tazayazt i wakken medden ad izmiren ad ẓren dacu i ixeddmen wahilen-a, s tuffra sdaxel n iselkimen, s deffir n weɛrur n iseqdacen.
Ma yewwid uselkim ad yelḥu, ilaq-aɣ ad nẓer d acu i ixeddmen wahilen i nessebded fell-as. Ma yella ur-d newwi ara s lexbeṛ d acu ixeddmen mebla ma cawren-aɣ-d, ulamek ara t-namen, neɣ ur-d yewwi ara ad t-namen.
Dayesmi, aṭas i yellan wid d-yeqqaṛen, ur-ɣ ilaq ad nesseqdec ala ahilen ilelliyen, ala iseɣẓanen n uɣbalu yeldin iwakken ad nesɛu asenqed s ufus-nneɣ ɣef ufecku asenselkam i yellan gar ifassen-nneɣ. I wakken daɣen, ur nettaǧa ara walbɛaḍ n taṛmisin ad-aɣ teṭṭef deg waḍad qerriḥen, ad anuɣal ala gar ifassen-nsent, ad-aɣ seddayent akken kan id asent-ihwa.
Win yessnen taneflit tasenselkamt, yezmer ad iɣeṛ tangalt n useɣẓan n uɣbalu yeldin s tefses, ma yufa llant degs tuccḍiwin, yezmer ad-tent-iseɣti, ad irnu asiɣzef deg-sen, ad tisnernu, i wakken ad nesfaydi, deg useɣti umaynut, akken ma nella.
Akken ad yelḥu uselkim, ilaq ad yessebded fell-as yiwen, ayen mi neqqar anagraw, anagraw n wammud. Ma yella unagraw-a d ilelli, nekni akken it nebɣa. Gar inagrawen-a n wammud llan inagrawen i yettwabnan ɣef yiɣes n Linux, yal yiwen yezmer ad ten-id-isader seg web s war lexlaṣ, ad ten-isebded ɣef yibenk-is, neɣ ɣef uselkim-is (ama n ufus neɣ n ufellaru). Nezmer ad nebder, d amedya, anagraw n wammud n Debian : d anagraw n wammud urkid gar inagrawen nniḍen.
Mebla anagraw n wammud, ur yezmir ara uselkim ad yelḥu. D netta akk i d lsas n usekker n yal aselkim. Deg-s akk ifecka imezwura i weɛqal n warrumen n uselkim s umata : ama d aɛqal n tewwura USB, neɣ n tkerḍiwin n ubeqqeḍ, n umeslaw, imeɣṛiyen n iḍebsiyen, akked wayen icudden ɣer tkarḍa tayemmat s umata.
Ma yella unagraw-nneɣ n wammud d ilelli, nezmer ad nettkel fell-as ad aɣ-yesselḥu aselkim-nneɣ akken iwata, d wakken it-nebɣa. Ur nettagad ara ad-aɣ-ixeddem kra n texnanasin ur nettwali ara, mi ara yekker.
Mi ara yekker unagraw n wammud, dayen yessuli-d akk ifecka izwaranen, ad yaweḍ ad-aɣ-d yesken tanarit, neɣ afellaru. Syin, nezmer ad nemmeslay ɣef iseɣẓanen ilelliyen nniḍen i nesseqdac yal ass.
S umata, inagrawen n wammud yebnan ɣef yiɣes n Linux, neɣ Izuzar n Linux, Iwzawazen n Linux sefraken tutlayt taqbaylit s wudem amezwer : aṭas n imedhalen n usebded n yizurar n Linux i izemren ad ssumren i useqdac ad ifren tutlayt-is tamezwert send asbeddi n unagraw. Ula d anasiw yesɛan isekkilen ilatiniyen s wacu i nettaru taqbaylit, ttwasummren-d deg uḥric n unsawi n umedhal-a n usbeddi i wakken ad yuɣal unagraw s timmad-is ileḥu s tutlayt i yebɣa useqdac.
Anect-a, ulac it ass-a, deg inagrawen n wammud nniḍen ur yellin ara d ilelliyen, amedya, am Windows i texdem teṛmist tamarikanit n Microsoft : Windows ur-k-d yessumur ara ad tt-ferneḍ tutlayt taqbaylit deg umedhal-is n usbeddi. Ad k-d-yessumer tutalyin nniḍen, akk d inasiwen nniḍen.
Ar wass n wass-a, anagraw-a n wammud i teznuzuy Microsoft ur yesɛi agrudem udlif n useqdac s tutlayt-nneɣ. Ula d awitay-is, neɣ tasmektit d-yeddan fell-as, tella kan s tutlayin nniḍen.
Ɣef aya, izuzar n Linux s umata lhan imi sefraken taqbaylit s tefses, s wudem amezwer, bdu-tt-id kan seg umedhal n usbeddi alamma d tagara n usbeddi n unagraw.
Ɣas akka, deg tmurt, ur nettaru ara s waṭas, s isekkilen n uskript n tfinaɣ, ula d tarrayt n tira s tfinaɣ tella deg umedhal n usbeddi n yizuzar n Linux. Anida ulac-itt nezmer ad tt-nernu.
Ilaq ad as-nefk i useqdac tilelli n ufran n ifecka-ines isenselkamen. Ur ilaq ara ad nḥettem fell-as ayen nebɣa nekni, neɣ ayen ur yebɣi ara, netta.
Win neɣ tin yebɣan ad tt-aru s isekkilen n tfinaɣ ad tefren tarrayin id tiwulmen gar tid yellan deg tebdart n tarrayin n tira n unasiw mebla ma yenɛettab yiwen ad inadi ad isbedd ahilen imernan seld ma yettusbedd unagraw.
Ihi, ɣer tagara mi ara yettusbedd unagra n wammud ad aɣ-yawi ɣer tnarit neɣ ɣer ufellaru, syin nezmer ad nsekker iseɣẓanen neɣ isnasen n umahil n yal ass, neɣ uraren yellan deg-s.
Isnasen n yal ass / Iseɣẓanen n yal ass
Isnasen ilelliyen n uɣbalu yeldin n yal ass i useqdec ɣef tnarit neɣ iseɣẓanen n ufellaru.
D acu ara naf neg ufellaru neɣ deg tnarit mi dayen yekker unagraw ?
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| Asmel web n gnome.org |
Deg tnarit nezmer ad naf tignitin n iseɣẓanen akked yesnasen. Yal udem n tnarit ur yettcabi ɣer wayeḍ : yal yiwet tesɛa udem-is, initen-is, aɣanib-is, isental-is d-yeddan yid-s.
Ifecka akked iseɣẓanen n umahil, ad aten-yaf useqdac deg tfeggagt n unagraw. Yal afecku yettusettef deg taggayt-is : ifecka n wadduf ɣer Internet ad ten-naf deg taggayt Internet, wid n tussna deg taggayt n Tussna, wid n usefser n yeḍrisen deg ifecka n twurmahilt, uraren deg tebdart n wurar, ifecka n unagraw deg taggayt n iɣewwaren n tedbelt, ar tagara.
Deg ufellaru naɣ deg tnarit, nezmer ad nwali azemz akked wakud n wass deg tiɣmert n ugdil. Mačči kan ad nwali azemz akked wakud, ma nsenned fell-as ad naf awitay akked tesmektit i tedyanin akked d ineḍruyen n wass, neɣ n wid n ddurt, neɣ n wayyur akked wid n useggas. Ma yella wazemz neɣ akud d arameɣtuten syin ara nekcem ɣer iɣewwaren-is i wakken ad ten-seɣwer, ad sseɣti tawila-nsen.
Tafeggagt n unagraw tesɛa, tegber daɣen, ula d nettat, tignitin n kra n yiseɣẓanen imatuten i yettiḥwiǧ useqdac yal ass. Asiti neɣ asenned ɣef yiwet deg-sent ad yefk adduf arurad ar walbɛaḍ n useɣẓan i yettusbedden : ad it-sekker.
Ma yebɣa useqdac ad yemdel tiɣimit-is tamirant, neɣ ad yeqqen s umiḍan nniḍen n useqdac wis sin, neɣ ad yeldi tiɣimit s umiḍan nniḍen, neɣ ma yewwi-d ad yalles asekker neɣ ad yessexsi aselkim-is, llant tqeffalin i wakka deg tfeggagt n unagraw.
Iznan i yettwali useqdac deg ugrudem udlif, a wi yufan ad ilin akk s teqbaylit seg mi ara yekker uselkim alamma yensa : Am win i d-yusan ar tmurt : ur sellen imeẓẓuɣen ala tutlayt n warraw akked yessi-s n tmurt : seg mi ara tt-yebdu s w « Ansuf yis-k » alamma yexsi uselkim, d taqbaylit.
Mi ara yennam weqcic amecṭuḥ yesseqdac aselkim-is s teqbaylit, ad iwalef, ad yaɣ ddɛen d wawalen n tsenselkimt. Ahat, ussan imezwura ad as-d-ttbinen kra n wawalen d imaynuten, lameɛna, cwiṭ cwiṭ kan ad yaɣ tannumi, ad ten-ilmed, ad yuɣal ad ten-iseqdec.
Ɣef aya, nessaram, ahat iseɣẓanen-a ilelliyen deg tsenselkimt, am uẓawan-nneɣ, am yedlisen-nneɣ, am tmucuha-nneɣ, ad ilin d wid ara yḥerzen awalen n tutlayt-nneɣ i wakken ur negren ara, i wakken ad idiren.
Tazmilt : Ẓriɣ llant tuccḍiwin deg tira n uḍris-a. Ma tzemreḍ ad t-tesseɣtiḍ, ad d-ssufɣeɣ talɣa nniḍen zeddigen. Tanemmirt imi d-tefkiḍ cwiṭ n lweqt*-ik, n wakud, ad teɣṛeḍ aḍris-a.
